In the last 10 years, the palm oil
industry is booming with several reasons, especially the need for investment to
improve economic growth. Factors supporting the outside it is the pressure on
the reduction of fossil fuel globally. With the paradigm of economic growth,
the government saw that the palm oil industry can create jobs and generate
state income taxes.
The expansion of oil palm
plantations on now extended to almost all the major islands in Indonesia. Over
the past 19 years, the expansion of oil palm plantations at an average of
315,000 ha / year. So far, Indonesia has approximately 7 million hectares of
land under oil palm. Beyond that, about 18 million hectares of forest have been
opened in the name of oil palm plantation expansion. Trend expansion of palm
oil plantations are now moving into the region of Sulawesi, Kalimantan and
Papua. Oil palm plantation area controlled by large investors both foreign and
locally reaching 51% in the country, and the rest belongs to the government,
national private dam smallholder plantations.
Chairul admitted in Indonesian
plantation management is still lagging behind with strangers, especially
Malaysia, Indonesia lags far down stream with Malasysia, because the neighbor
country planning in the control of the plantation planned carefully. No wonder
if Malaysia keen to expand in the area of Sumatra and Kalimantan.Di
plantation, plantation companies from countries that also controls oil palm
plantation land in Sulawesi, Sumatra, and Borneo.
In Kuala Lumpur Kepong Berhad
sites, for example, a multinational company mentioned in this Malaysian oil
palm plantations in Indonesia covering 139 126 hectares (55.93%), greater than
the land owned by the company in Malaysia covering an area of 109 620
hectares (44.07%). KL Kepong site mention of its plantations in Indonesia and
Malaysia, the company was able to produce 3.1 million tonnes of fresh fruit
bunches annually. Told Every oil company in Malaysia to develop its own
research and always put the research as a priority. for example, Sime Darby,
Malaysia's state-owned company engaged in plantation, manufacturing, energy,
and property. By producing more than 2.4 million tons of crude palm oil (CPO) a
year, Sime Darby is the largest listed company in the field of CPO with a share
of 6% of the total world CPO.
Malaysian CPO
production Bigger
The Malaysian government is also
developing R & D and provide full support to the agribusiness sector. For
the oil business, there are two ministries involved, namely the Ministry of
Corporate Shifting and Commodities as well as the Ministry of Energy, Green
Technology and Water.
Both ministries also makes
research, thus ensuring that innovation in the field of oil. Support research
showed surprising results. Malaysian palm productivity is much greater than
Indonesia. Malaysian palm productivity 3.5 tons per hectare, while Indonesia
2.5 ha per year.
Due to differences in productivity,
Malaysia with a land area of only 61.5% of oil from Indonesian palm land
could produce up to 17 million tonnes, or 85.3% of Indonesia's CPO production.
Indonesian palm plantation with a
much broader CPO should be capable of producing greater. To increase the
productivity of CPO, Indonesian palm oil companies should strengthen R & D
and government need to provide full support.
Also SOE Great Sime Darby meraksasa
after taking over two state-owned companies, namely Guthry and Golden Hope.
Now, the company engaged in a number of business lines it became the largest
oil companies in the world with a market share of 6%. Golden Agri Resources and
Wilmar International Ltd. is ranked second and third, each having a share of
4.6% and 4%.
By having oil palm plantations and
palm oil processing industry in various countries, Sime Darby become a global
player. SOE triumphed in Malaysia. In addition to plantation giant Sime Darby
named, Malaysia has a number of powerful state-owned enterprises in a number of
fields. Call Petronas in the oil and gas field, Electric Power in the field of
electricity, Maybank at the bank, and Khazanah in the field of investment.
Foreign domination of the national
oil palm plantations until this year accounted for over 50 percent of the land
available, or approximately 9.2 million hectares (ha). According to data
reported by Sawit Watch, the foreign companies from Malaysia, Singapore, United
States, Belgium, and England. Foreign companies that dominate the largest oil
field in the country which is the Wilmar Group, Cargill, and Sime Derby from
Malaysia. While national companies only control about 3.5 million hectares of
oil palm plantations which filled four national group of companies.
The issue of capitalism in the oil
palm plantation sector is assessed further harm Chairul palm farming
communities in the country. With a land area of oil only reached an average of
2 ha of land per person, it was thought exacerbate the welfare of oil palm
farmers.
Since long it has been in the
region of Indonesia plot by plot-owners of foreign capital, especially using
large in land tenure increasingly widespread, either for conversion to oil palm
harvested wilderness lands serve as oil palm plantations which of course has
damaged the natural environment, and the environment social community that is
the beginning of a social conflict.
